KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN TINGGAL AKIBAT PEMANENAN KAYU REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING DAN KONVENSIONAL DI HUTAN ALAM TROPIKA (STUDI KASUS DI AREAL IUPHHK PT. INHUTANI II, KALIMANTAN TIMUR) = Residual Stand Damage Caused by Conventional

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat pemanenan kayo dengan teknik reduced impact logging (RIL) di hutan alam tropika. Penelitian dilakukan di areal PT Inhutani II, Kalimantan Timur. Petak penelitian ini masing-masing 3 (tiga) plot permanen dengan ukuran masing masing 100 m x 100 m. Plot-plot permanenlpengukuran diletakkan secara sistematis pada kedua petak penelitian sedemikian rupa sehingga mewakili tempat-tempat sebagai berikut: lokasi tempat pengumpulan kayu (TPN), di lokasi jalan sarad utama dan di lokasi jalan sarad cabang. Hasil inventarisasi tegakan menunjukkan bahwa potensi tegakan rata-rata pada petak pemanenan kayo konvensional dan RIL masing-masing sebesar 353,51 N/ha dan 362,67 N/ha. Jumlah kerusakan tegakan tinggal rata-rata akibat pemanenan kayu pada petak pemanenan kayu konvensional dan RIL masing masing sebesar 134,67 N/ha (38,10 %) dan 85,33 N/ha (23,52 %). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan diterapkan teknik pemanenan kayu RIL dapat mengurangi kerusakan tegakan tinggal tingkat tiang dan pohon sebesar 9,86 N/ha atau 36,61 % dari yang dihasilkan pada petak pemanenan kayo konvensional. Dengan demikian pemanenan kayu konvensional menyebabkan kerusakan tegakan tinggal lebih besar dibandingkan dengan teknik RIL. This research examined the effect of reduced impact logging (RIL) to residual stand damages in natural tropical forest. A research was done at natural tropical forest of PT Inhutani II. East Kalimantan. The effect of reduced impact logging to residual stand were studied using the data of three plots with each size 100 m x 100 m are placed based on purposive sampling at landing, main skiddtrail and branch skiddtrail. respectively. The results of the research showed that that the potency of commercial timber species in conventional logging and RIL were 353.51 N/ha and 362.7 N/ha. The number of residual stand damages caused by conventional logging and RIL were 134.67 Nlha (38./0 %) and 85.33 Nlha (23.52 %). Results of the research showed that reduced impact logging is reduced trees damages 9.86 Nlha (36.61 %) compared with conventional logging. These researches indicated that conventional logging in the tropical natural forest caused heavier damage on residual stand when compared with a reduced impact logging

Wood Waste Caused by Reduced Impact Logging in Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting System, North Borneo, Indonesia

One of the most effort possible to secure raw materials national wood processing industry is to increase the value added in forest management activities. Wood waste is measured and observed in logging plots and in landing. Wood waste in the conventional logging and RIL plots was 16.33 m3/ha 11.06 m3/ha, respectively. Based on the type of commersial species in conventional logging plots is dominated by commersial dipterocarps species (15.48 m3/ha). Wood waste in reduced impact logging (RIL) plot is dominated by commercial dipterocarp species (9.78 m3/ha). This resarch indicated that RIL techniques increased timber utilization (9.47%). Value of wood utilization using a proportion of the volume that can be used from a number of potential volume of tree per hectare

KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN TINGGAL AKIBAT PEMANENAN KAYU REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING DAN KONVENSIONAL DI HUTAN ALAM TROPIKA (STUDI KASUS DI AREAL IUPHHK PT. INHUTANI II, KALIMANTAN TIMUR) (Residual Stand Damage Caused by Conventional and Reduced Impact Logging))

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat pemanenan kayu dengan teknik reduced impact logging (RIL) di hutan alam tropika. Penelitian dilakukan di areal PT Inhutani II, Kalimantan Timur. Petak penelitian ini masing-masing 3 (tiga) plot permanen dengan ukuran masing-masing 100 m x 100 m. Plot-plot permanen/pengukuran diletakkan secara sistematis pada kedua petak  penelitian  sedemikian rupa sehingga mewakili tempat-tempat sebagai berikut : lokasi tempat pengumpulan kayu (TPN),  di lokasi jalan sarad utama dan di lokasi jalan sarad cabang. Hasil inventarisasi tegakan menunjukkan bahwa potensi tegakan rata-rata pada petak pemanenan kayu konvensional dan RIL masing-masing sebesar 353,51 N/ha dan 362,67 N/ha. Jumlah kerusakan tegakan tinggal rata-rata akibat pemanenan kayu pada petak pemanenan kayu konvensional dan RIL masing-masing sebesar 134,67 N/ha (38,10 %) dan 85,33 N/ha (23,52 %). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan diterapkan teknik pemanenan kayu RIL dapat mengurangi kerusakan tegakan tinggal tingkat tiang dan pohon sebesar 9,86 N/ha atau 36,61 % dari yang dihasilkan pada petak pemanenan kayu konvensional. Dengan demikian pemanenan kayu konvensional menyebabkan kerusakan tegakan tinggal lebih besar dibandingkan  dengan teknik RIL. ABSTRACTThis research examined the effect of reduced impact logging (RIL) to residual stand damages in natural tropical forest. A  research was done at  natural tropical forest of PT Inhutani II, East Kalimantan. The effect of reduced impact logging to residual stand were studied using the data of three plots with each size 100 m x 100 m are placed based on purposive sampling at landing, main skiddtrail and branch skiddtrail, respectively. The results of the research showed that that the potency of commercial timber species in conventional logging and RIL were 353.51 N/ha  and  362.7 N/ha. The number of residual stand damages caused by conventional logging and RIL were 134.67 N/ha (38.10 %) and 85.33 N/ha (23.52 %). Results of the research showed that reduced impact logging is reduced trees damages 9.86 N/ha (36.61 %) compared with conventional logging. These researches indicated that conventional logging in the tropical natural forest caused heavier damage on residual stand when compared with a reduced impact logging

New Tropical Peatland Gas and Particulate Emissions Factors Indicate 2015 Indonesian Fires Released Far More Particulate Matter (but Less Methane) than Current Inventories Imply

Deforestation and draining of the peatlands in equatorial SE Asia has greatly increased their flammability, and in September-October 2015 a strong El Niño-related drought led to further drying and to widespread burning across parts of Indonesia, primarily on Kalimantan and Sumatra. These fires resulted in some of the worst sustained outdoor air pollution ever recorded, with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations exceeding those considered "extremely hazardous to health" by up to an order of magnitude. Here we report unique in situ air quality data and tropical peatland fire emissions factors (EFs) for key carbonaceous trace gases (CO2, CH4 and CO) and PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) particulates, based on measurements conducted on Kalimantan at the height of the 2015 fires, both at locations of "pure" sub-surface peat burning and spreading vegetation fires atop burning peat. PM2.5 are the most significant smoke constituent in terms of human health impacts, and we find in situ PM2.5 emissions factors for pure peat burning to be 17.8 to 22.3 g·kg-1, and for spreading vegetation fires atop burning peat 44 to 61 g·kg-1, both far higher than past laboratory burning of tropical peat has suggested. The latter are some of the highest PM2.5 emissions factors measured worldwide. Using our peatland CO2, CH4 and CO emissions factors (1779 ± 55 g·kg-1, 238 ± 36 g·kg-1, and 7.8 ± 2.3 g·kg-1 respectively) alongside in situ measured peat carbon content (610 ± 47 g-C·kg-1) we provide a new 358 Tg (± 30%) fuel consumption estimate for the 2015 Indonesian fires, which is less than that provided by the GFEDv4.1s and GFASv1.2 global fire emissions inventories by 23% and 34% respectively, and which due to our lower EFCH4 produces far less (~3×) methane. However, our mean in situ derived EFPM2.5 for these extreme tropical peatland fires (28 ± 6 g·kg-1) is far higher than current emissions inventories assume, resulting in our total PM2.5 emissions estimate (9.1 ± 3.5 Tg) being many times higher than GFEDv4.1s, GFASv1.2 and FINNv2, despite our lower fuel consumption. We find that two thirds of the emitted PM2.5 come from Kalimantan, one third from Sumatra, and 95% from burning peatlands. Using new geostationary fire radiative power (FRP) data we map the fire emissions' spatio-temporal variations in far greater detail than ever before (hourly, 0.05°), identifying a tropical peatland fire diurnal cycle twice as wide as in neighboring non-peat areas and peaking much later in the day. Our data show that a combination of greatly elevated PM2.5 emissions factors, large areas of simultaneous, long-duration burning, and very high peat fuel consumption per unit area made these Sept to Oct tropical peatland fires the greatest wildfire source of particulate matter globally in 2015, furthering evidence for a regional atmospheric pollution impact whose particulate matter component in particular led to millions of citizens being exposed to extremely poor levels of air quality for substantial periods. © 2018 by the authors

Estándares de Diseño de Proyectos de Clima, Comunidad y Biodiversidad (Primera Edición)

Estos estándares de Clima, Comunidad y Biodiversidad para el diseño de proyectos (" estándares CCB " por sus siglas en inglés) identifican proyectos basados en uso de tierra que pueden ofrecer beneficios convincentes de clima, biodiversidad y comunidad. Los estándares CCB han sido diseñados principalmente para proyectos de mitigación de cambio climático. Los estándares fueron diseñados por la Alianza de Clima, Comunidad y Biodiversidad (CCBA por sus siglas en inglés). La CCBA es una asociación global de instituciones de investigación, corporaciones y grupos ambientales, con la misión de desarrollar y promover estándares voluntarios para proyectos de uso de tierra con múltiples beneficios. Para más información acerca de CCBA, visite www.climate-standards.org o comuníquese con [email protected]. Esta primera edición de los estándares CCB representa la culminación de dos años de investigación y un proceso internacional amplio con múltiples actores relacionados. Grupos comunitarios, ONG's, empresas, académicos, diseñadores de proyectos y otros presentaron comentarios, críticas y sugerencias durante los dos años. Adicionalmente, pruebas de campo en Asia, Africa, Europa y América dieron considerable forma a los estándares. Un equipo de revisores consideró todos los comentarios y pruebas de campo para crear esa primera edición. El equipo de revisión incluye los autores y tres instituciones consejeras: Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), el World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) y el Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation

Mangroves provide a wide range of ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, soil formation, wood production, fish spawning grounds, ecotourism and carbon (C) storage¹. High rates of tree and plant growth, coupled with anaerobic, water-logged soils that slow decomposition, result in large long-term C storage. Given their global significance as large sinks of C, preventing mangrove loss would be an effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy. It has been reported that C stocks in the Indo-Pacific region contain on average 1,023 MgC ha⁻¹ (ref. 2). Here, we estimate that Indonesian mangrove C stocks are 1,083 ± 378 MgC ha⁻¹. Scaled up to the country-level mangrove extent of 2.9 Mha (ref. 3), Indonesia’s mangroves contained on average 3.14 PgC. In three decades Indonesia has lost 40% of its mangroves⁴, mainly as a result of aquaculture development⁵. This has resulted in annual emissions of 0.07–0.21 Pg CO₂e. Annual mangrove deforestation in Indonesia is only 6% of its total forest loss⁶; however, if this were halted, total emissions would be reduced by an amount equal to 10–31% of estimated annual emissions from land-use sectors at present. Conservation of carbon-rich mangroves in the Indonesian archipelago should be a high-priority component of strategies to mitigate climate change